Shorten Long URLs Instantly URL Shortener tool for network operations.

The tool works under the hood by utilizing a custom hash function that employs base-62 encoding to generate a deterministic 7-character hash from the input URL. This is achieved through the `hashString` function, which takes the input string and calculates a hash value using a combination of bitwise shift and addition operations. The resulting hash value is then used to construct a shortened URL in the format `short.link/${hash}`, where ${hash} is the 7-character hash code generated by the `hashString` function.

The tool uses React hooks, specifically `useState` and `useCallback`, to manage state and handle user interactions. When the user enters a URL and clicks the "Shorten" button, the `handleShorten` function is called, which validates the input URL using the `URL` constructor and checks if it includes a protocol such as https://. If the input URL is valid, the `hashString` function is used to generate a hash code, which is then used to construct the shortened URL.

The tool also uses the `copyToClipboard` function from the `@/lib/utils` module to copy the shortened URL to the user's clipboard when the "Copy" button is clicked. This function returns a promise that resolves to a boolean value indicating whether the copy operation was successful, and the tool uses this value to update its state and display a "Copied!" message to the user.

In terms of technologies used, the tool relies on modern browser APIs such as the `URL` constructor and the `navigator.clipboard` API, which provides access to the user's clipboard. The tool is built using ES6+ syntax and React hooks for state management, and it uses a mobile-first responsive design to ensure that it works well on a variety of devices.

The input validation logic handles edge cases such as malformed URLs by checking if the input string can be parsed into a valid `URL` object. If the input string is not a valid URL, an error message is displayed to the user and the shortened URL field is cleared. The tool also uses a `try-catch` block to catch any exceptions that may occur during the URL validation process, ensuring that it remains stable and functional even in the presence of invalid input.

The base-62 encoding scheme used by the `hashString` function allows for a high degree of uniqueness in the generated hash codes, making it unlikely that two different input URLs will produce the same shortened URL. This is achieved through the use of a character set that includes all uppercase and lowercase letters, as well as digits 0-9, which provides a total of 62 possible characters for each position in the hash code.

Overall, the tool's use of client-side JavaScript, browser APIs, and React hooks enables it to provide fast and efficient URL shortening capabilities without requiring any backend services or setup.