Calculate Your Network Broadcast Address Broadcast Address Calculator tool for network operations.

The tool works by first parsing the input IP address into a 32-bit integer using the `parseIp` function, which splits the dotted-decimal notation into four octets, checks if each octet is a valid number between 0 and 255, and then combines them into a single integer. The subnet mask or CIDR prefix length is also parsed using the `parseMask` function, which can handle both dotted-decimal subnet masks and numeric CIDR prefixes. If the input is invalid, it throws an error with a specific message, such as "Invalid IP address" or "CIDR prefix must be 0-32". The tool uses bitwise operations to calculate the broadcast address, network address, and other relevant values.

The `maskToPrefix` function calculates the CIDR prefix length from a given subnet mask by counting the number of leading one bits in the binary representation of the mask. This is done using a while loop that shifts the mask to the left until it finds a zero bit. The tool then uses this prefix length to calculate the first and last usable hosts, total addresses, and usable hosts. The results are stored in an object with properties such as `broadcast`, `network`, `subnetMask`, and `wildcardMask`, which are then displayed to the user.

The tool uses React hooks, specifically `useState` and `useCallback`, to manage its state and handle user input. When the user clicks the "Calculate" button, the `handleCalculate` function is called, which performs the necessary calculations and updates the state with the result. If an error occurs during calculation, it sets the `error` state with a specific message. The tool also uses the `copyToClipboard` function from the `@/lib/utils` module to copy the calculated values to the clipboard when the user clicks the "Copy" button.

The code is written in TypeScript and uses ES6+ syntax, taking advantage of features such as arrow functions, template literals, and destructuring assignment. The tool follows standards and RFCs for IP address calculation, ensuring accurate results. It also handles edge cases and invalid input gracefully, providing useful error messages to the user. Overall, the tool demonstrates a good understanding of JavaScript, React, and network programming concepts, making it a reliable and efficient solution for calculating broadcast addresses.