Calculate CIDR Subnets and IP Ranges Online CIDR Calculator tool for network operations.

The tool works by using the `parseIp` function to convert the input IP address into a 32-bit integer, which is then used in calculations with the given prefix length. This process involves bitwise operations such as shifting and masking to determine the subnet mask, broadcast address, and usable host count. The `calculateCidr` function takes the input string, matches it against a regular expression to extract the IP address and prefix length, and then performs these calculations to produce a result object containing various properties like network address, broadcast address, and total hosts.

The result object is then passed to the `buildSections` function, which organizes the data into sections for display. This includes formatting numbers as strings with `toLocaleString`, and creating arrays of objects with label and value properties. The tool uses React hooks like `useState` and `useCallback` to manage state and handle events, ensuring that the component re-renders correctly when the input changes or a calculation is performed.

In terms of specific technologies, the code uses TypeScript for type checking, and the `react` library for building the user interface. The `copyToClipboard` function from the `@/lib/utils` module is used to handle copying text to the clipboard, demonstrating how the tool integrates with browser APIs. Additionally, the use of ES6+ features like arrow functions, destructuring, and template literals contributes to the code's conciseness and readability.

The quick-pick presets are stored in an array of objects, where each object has a label and value property. When a preset is selected, its value is passed to the `calculateCidr` function, allowing users to easily calculate IP ranges for common CIDR notations. The tool's client-side execution ensures that calculations are performed instantly, without sending any data to servers, making it suitable for use in environments where network latency or security concerns may be a factor.

The binary representation of the subnet mask and network address is generated using the `numToBinary` function, which performs bitwise operations to extract the individual octets of the IP address and format them as strings of binary digits. This provides users with a deeper understanding of the underlying structure of IP addresses and subnet masks, making it easier to work with networks and configure devices correctly.